Entry 4_ Đào Thị Thu Hương (10032047)

ENTRY 4

Argument Structures and Fallacies

ITEM 1

A person apparently hopelessly ill may be allowed to take his own life. Then he may be permitted to deputize others to do it for him should he no longer be able to act. The judgment of others then becomes the ruling factor. Already at this point euthanasia is not personal and voluntary, for others are acting on behalf of the patient as they see fit. This may well incline them to act on behalf of other patients who have not authorized them to exercise their judgment. It is only a short step, then, from voluntary euthanasia (self-inflicted or authorized), to directed euthanasia administered to a patient who has given no authorization, to involuntary euthanasia conducted as a part of a social policy.

 J. Gay Williams, "The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia"

Source: http://www.clevelandclinic.org/civiceducation/pdf/Session13.pdf

→ Slippery Slope

Analysis: The author claims that “A person apparently hopelessly ill may be allowed to take his own life” which results in a chain reaction of events (the "slippery slope") leading up to a harmful consequence, when, in fact, the chain reaction of events is very unlikely to occur. 

ITEM 2

Source: http://www.rickliebling.com/2008/07/09/the-sports-marketing-world-is-flat-david-beckham-pepsi/

→ Appeal to Authority

Analysis: This ad encourages consumers to buy Pepsi because David Beckham endorses it. He is a famous football player who knows little about the product. Sometimes people put more trust in celebrities than titles and experience.

ITEM 3

Đã vào tiết học, Keli lúc này mới bước vào cổng trường. bác bảo vệ kêu lại và hỏi:

- Tại sao con đi trễ?       

Keli:

- Ước mơ của con là làm thầy hiệu trưởng

Bảo vệ:

- Tôi hỏi tại sao lại đi trễ mà?

Keli:

- Vậy bác khi nào thấy thầy hiệu trưởng đi sớm chăng????

Source: http://www.truyencuoi.vn/truyen-cuoi/di-tre

→ Analogy Fallacy – Weak argument

Thầy hiệu trưởng hay đi trễ

Keli muốn trở thành thầy hiệu trưởng

Keli phải đi trễ

Analysis: Going to school late is not important factor to become a headmaster.